The adaptive cycle model, originally developed for ecological systems, can be applied to help understand social systems. Societies, communities and organizations go through phases of growth, stability ...

As if understanding this complex evolutionary puzzle were not already sufficiently challenging, we have learned recently that two types of adaptive immune system have evolved in vertebrates ...

Adaptive optics systems generally run at about 1,000 hertz ... although there are newer, more complex techniques that use multiple lasers or mirrors to improve this. These systems also ...